The companies authoring software to push the boundaries of IoT range from tech giants like Microsoft down to startups like Memfault.

A Forrester report from September said that software automation using IoT sensors and measuring maintenance schedules, customer demand, weather and other data will “offer manufacturers more granular control over their business.”

Businesses are turning to IoT software to reduce energy bills, monitor work sites for noxious gases and injuries, and to improve production quality, among other use cases, according to the report.

“Machine learning and AI build models of optimal operations (often in the cloud) and then monitor tens, hundreds, or even thousands of variables at the edge to quickly alert human operators when things are likely to stray off course,” according to the report. “In some situations, software may be authorized to make corrections without waiting for explicit permission from a watching human.”

As part of CRN’s 2023 Internet of Things 50 list, here are the 10 coolest IoT software companies that are driving innovation in the IoT arena.